Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis - 930 Words

Well known slave author and orator, Frederick Douglass, in his narrative, â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave† alters the way people view slavery. Douglass’s purpose is to convince the audience that slavery should be abolished. He creates a haunting tone in order to persuade the readers that slavery is wrong. He uses many real life accounts of horrifying instances of beatings, murders and torture to prove that slavery is unjust. Douglass illustrates many emotions in his book, the most being anger and sympathy. â€Å"The children unable to work in the field had neither shoes, stockings, jackets, nor trousers, given to them; their clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts given per year. When these failed†¦show more content†¦William Lloyd Garrison, the author of the preface, brings up a very interesting story while trying to prove Douglass’s credibility. A white slave is a sure thing to keep anyone reading a book , because it is such an uncommon idea. A sailor who is sold into slavery comes back, and he can no longer speak english! His mental deterioration is so terrible, that the language he grew up speaking is foreign to him (Garrison 7). This little story plays to the audience because the slave they are talking about here is white and they can relate to him. It gives them more of a reason to feel bad about slavery, by showing that these horrible acts can happen to anyone, regardless of their skin color. When thinking about people in powerful positions, you often think about the people who were overrun with their power and were awful leaders. People who own slaves are kind of the same way. For example, in the narrative, Douglass mentions one of his mistresses, Mrs. Auld. When he meets her, its nothing but positive and happy things. She gets caught teaching him how to read and then she does a complete 180 and becomes meaner than her husband. This is a perfect example of someone having too m uch power for them to handle. On page 68, Douglass references the bible quote Luke 12:47. â€Å"The master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him, and at an hour of which he is unaware. Then he will cut him to pieces and assign him a place withShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis905 Words   |  4 PagesNoted abolitionist Frederick Douglass, in his self titled slave narrative addresses the indescribable sadness that the slaves were experiencing, which they portrayed through song. He intensely describes the emotions that he hears within the songs of the slaves. In the passage Douglass shows how the slaves believe that they feel, versus how they really feel, and he does this this by changing the tone throughout the passage. He uses these tones to make the reader fully feel the helplessness that theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis885 Words   |  4 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† it sho ws all 3 rhetorical appeals (Ethos, Pathos, Logos) which are found in all forms of writing, speeches, movies, television shows, and life within itself. Frederick Douglass used all three of these rhetoric in the narrative to tell about both his life as an American slave and his cause over ten decades ago. He uses these devices to identify himself to the readers, to bring emotion out of the readers, and to persuade the readers. Read MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesorganized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe†- Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass is a remarkable figure when it comes to describe and expose the outcome of the oppression in the black race since memorable times seen and experienced through the centuries expressed in slavery, racism and mistreat. In â€Å"The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro†, Douglass states the values of not only a race but a human being in his speech, by allowing himself to representRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis853 Words   |  4 Pagesof the ever-present mistreatment, corruption in positions of authority, and the dehumanization of minorities. The poor treatment of women and people of color is a main reason why these past issues are still present in the United States today. In Frederick Douglass’s speech given on July 5, 1852, he expresses his opinions of America’s Independence Day and how colored people have suffered only to remain captive and abused, not sharing in this independence with the rest of the country. He displays logosRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass866 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass was an abolitionist, a human rights activist, and a former slave with a lot to say. July 4, 1852, a man was asked to speak at a Declaration signing commemoration event. This man, an African- American former slave steps up on stage and delivers a speech of the century, informing the white crowd of the slaves perspective on the celebration of freedom. In the speech, Douglass claims that the Fourth of July is a day of mourning for current and former slaves instead of the celebrationRead More Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1793 Words   |  8 Pages In his memoir, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass argues for the abolition of slavery by reminiscing on his life as a slave. He draws attention to the cruelties he and other slaves endure and compares it to the white masters’ humanity. To do so, Douglass also uses the irony of relationships and family in white masters but lack of recognition of such in the slaves. Furthermore, Douglass uses the irony of the use of religion in order to excuse slaveryRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Speech838 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass was a freed slave in the 1800’s who was famous for his ability to read and write, uncommon of a black man at the time. On July 4th, 1852, he gave a speech to citizens of the United States. In this speech, he called out the â€Å"hypocrisy of the nation†(Douglass), questioning the nations treatment of slav es on a supposed day of independence. Frederick Douglass effectively uses rhetorical strategies to construct his argument and expose the hypocrisy of the nation. One of the rhetoricalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Use Of Diction990 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass’ use of Diction Frederick Douglass was a great author who used a variety of literary devices to contribute to his overall writing. One of his main literary elements that he uses is diction. What is diction? According to Merriam Webster’s dictionary diction is the way in which words are used in speech or writing. Douglass’ use of diction helps emphasize key point about slavery that writes about. Also, diction helps to convey the message that Douglass is writing about. DouglassRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1050 Words   |  5 Pagesand hardship. But some, like the slave and later abolitionist Frederick Douglass, rose up from the tribulations of slavery and led the way for progress and change in America. In his autobiography â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, Douglass tells his inspiring yet harrowing story of his life as a slave in Maryland and his escape to freedom in New York and later Massachusetts, where he eventuall y became an abolitionist. Douglass masterfully uses ethos, pathos, and logos to craft his powerfulRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s Romeo And Juliet 1386 Words   |  6 PagesPathos et Logos Frederick Douglass uses both pathos and logos in his Narrative to push his argument against slavery by appealing to the audience’s idea of virtue and stating the harsh facts of the abuse. Douglass knows his audience well, and uses their intense feelings on Christianity to bolster his argument. His ethos is set up on the first page, as he is one that was directly abused through the process of slavery. Douglass uses the rest of the book to instill in the reader through his expert use

Essay Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders - 1586 Words

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have faced disadvantages in various areas, particularly housing. The disadvantages these people face now are the result of policies introduced by the European settlers, then the government. The policies introduced were protection, assimilation, integration and self-determination. It is hard to understand the housing disadvantages faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people if their history is not known. In 1788 when the European settlers â€Å"colonised† Australia, the Australian land was known as â€Å"terra nullius† which means â€Å"land belonging to no-one†. This decision set the stage for the problems and†¦show more content†¦The police could also expel ‘trouble makers’ from reserves. The policy of Assimilation/Integration was in force from the 1930’s to the early 1960’s. The Assimilation policy was aimed to make the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people more ‘civilized’ and ‘westernised’. It was hoped by the State Governments and Federal Government that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identity would be destroyed and lost forever. The â€Å"Stolen Generation† was caused by the Assimilation policy. Children under fourteen years old were taken away from their parents and placed in â€Å"training homes† such as the â€Å"Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls†. It was easy for the governments to defend their decision to remove Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children due to the destitute conditions of the reserves. In 1939 the â€Å"Exemption Certificate† was introduced. This certificate gave Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people the opportunity to become ‘normal’ people if they follow government orders. The orders included the people were not allowed to live on the reserves, therefore not allowed to be with their families, and not allowed to socialize with non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. This leaves the exempted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders lonely and without any proper life. The exempted Aboriginal and TorresShow MoreRelatedAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders1514 Words   |  7 Pagesused to describe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. (Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are the original land owners of Australia, having lived here for more than 40,000. They were free to practice a different way of life and culture before European settlement in the late 1700s. Aboriginal people originally inhabited mainland Australia and the offshore islands, and Torres Strait Islanders came from the islands of the Torres Strait, between the tipRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders1290 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: In the early 19th century, Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders were afforded no rights or freedom due to their culture and race. If you were to be born an Aboriginal, by law you couldn’t eat in restaurants, marry without permission, swim in public pools, enter pubs or even have the right to vote (ref). Eventually the government recognised the demands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders for equality and social justice and acknowledged their right to make decisions about mattersRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples1456 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the oldest surviving culture in the world. They have occupied Australia for at least 65,000 years. Their cultures are complex and diverse. †¢ The reason Aboriginal cultures have survived for so long is their ability to adapt and change over time. †¢ It was this affinity with their surroundings that goes a long way to explaining how Aboriginal people survived for so many millennia. †¢ In Australia, Indigenous communities keep their cultural heritageRead MoreThe Diversity Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander2538 Words   |  11 PagesThe communities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander are rich, strong and diverse. The identity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander is central to this priority and is intrinsically linked to deep knowledge traditions, living, learning communities and holistic world view. Within the Australian curriculum, a conceptual framework based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ unique sense of identity has been developed as a structural tool for embedding their culture and historiesRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are a distinct traditional cultural group of the Australian population. The historical wealth of the importance of contribution to country by the Indigenous people of this nation is truly significant. At the Indigenous Future-Venture Research Institution (IFVRI) we place at the forefront of our mission, the aim to develop and implement, through the in-depth research and analysis of data, new material for awareness platforms and information that will primarilyRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander History1749 Words   |  7 PagesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, language and culture are part of who we are as Australians. It is important for me as a pre-service teacher to be aware of how my personal background, experiences and ideas about identity will influence my teaching philosophy to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. My ability to understand the cultural identities of all students in my class is necessary for addressing their individual needs. We all bring our own perspectives and waysRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples975 Words   |  4 Pages A third consideration in regard with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is the meaning of sovereignty. The discourse on sovereignty is obscure and non-reflexive. It situates itself somewhere between moral axiology, social ideology and political and legal authority. The link between sovereignty and politics within the public discourse often mask oppressive power relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people (Prokhovnik, 2015). Furthermore, the mainstream political discourseRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Legal Service1968 Words   |  8 PagesABORIGINAL TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER LEGAL SERVICE (QLD) LTD Student Name Student Number BUS101 Alphacrucis College Date Due: Day Month 2016 Submitted: Day Month 2016 Word Count: Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diplomaRead MoreAboriginal Of Australia And Torre Strait Islanders2079 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction In this essay Indigenous people will describe Aboriginals of Australia and Torre Strait Islanders. During the early years when just Indigenous Australians lived on Australia land there health was quite healthy and they were quite happy. Then Europeans took over the land of Australia and forced them to assimilate. This all started in the early 1900’s. Till this day it has affected Indigenous people. It has affected their physical health, mental health, and identity. As a nurseRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders Civil Rights1392 Words   |  6 PagesFaith Bandler was one of the most prominent figures promoting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders civil rights in Australia, and played a significant role in the success of the 1967 referendum. Bandler’s background and early life significantly influenced her later activism, causing her to question injustices against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Bandler spent most of her adult life promoting th e cause of ATSI civil rights and racial equality, and was involved in a number of key events

Idea of Multinational Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Idea of Multinational Organizations. Answer: Introduction: Globalization might be perceived as a simple term but its definition is rather complex. In this era, we can easily communicate and share cultures through travelling, trading and transportation. Hence, these events effectively explain globalization where if something happens in an area it could have an effect worldwide. Based on the above explanation globalization is the transformed way in which countries interact. Therefore, for globalization production of consumption it refers to the integrated economies where goods and capital flow across borders for consumption. Hence, this means that a fall in trade barrier in one state tends to increase trade between producers and consumers in another country. In this globalization era, firms are able to expand their operations globally, while they maintain their stage of production in the country where it could be executed in a least cost, transmit their ideas widely and the new ways of developing their products around the world. We could conclude that the idea of globalization production of consumption tends to transform economies, politics and social issue. As a results, there is transformation in states power and the states context of operation which production for consumption purposes. Explanation of Race to the Bottom Based on Oatley discussion race to the bottom is a situation whereby firms and countries tend to compete with each other by lowering wages and the living standards of workers. This tends to develop a situation whereby production of goods shift to a place where wages are low and workers rights are minimal. If we could create an analysis of Oatley debate the race to bottom analysis arises from globalization and entry of developing state in the global market. Hence, this new entry into the international trade and investment turns to lowest cost country easy when they become integrated into the worlds economy. To attract investments countries tend to open their markets but as a result of international competition labor tends to be relaxed, tax regulation are also enhanced and detriment of social policies is also experienced, which results to race to the bottom. The issue of race to the bottom is similarly experienced in organizations. Oatley has provided that changes in regulations tend to challenge MNCs production cost. Hence, it is rather expensive for a firm to treat chemical waste before disposal. But, as a result of the high cost of chemicals used in treating the water organizations tend to seek for alternatives. To avoid all these emerging challenges an MNC could establish its business in a country where regulatory standards are less costly. The idea of multinational organizations shifting to the less stringent standards countries tends to pressure the lax regulatory standard states to loosen their regulation to maintain MNC back home. For countries who refuse to loosen their regulation they tend to suffer less investment which has negative consequences. Hence, this tends to be a threat to most governments which creates the need of them responding to the issue of race to the bottom.

MacBeth - Attitude Changes Essays (1215 words) -

MacBeth - Attitude Changes MacBeth - Attitude Changes In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth's attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. The first of the four characters is Duncan. Since Macbeth interacts with Duncan only a minimal amount before Duncan's death, Macbeth's attitude towards him changes very rapidly. Before Macbeth hears the witches' first prophecy, he is very close to Duncan, and would never even think of doing something against him. When the thought of murdering Duncan crosses his mind immediately after he finds that he has just been named Thane of Cawdor, he cannot believe he "yield[s] to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair / And make my seated heart knock at my ribs" (I, iii, 133-35). In scene 5 of act 1, however, his "vaulting ambition" is starting to take over, but partly because of his wife's persuasion. He agrees that they must "catch the nearest way" (17), and kill Duncan that night. On the other hand, as the time for murder comes nearer, he begins giving himself reasons not to murder Duncan: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. (I, vii, 13-16) When Lady Macbeth enters, though, she uses her cunning rhetoric and pursuasion techniques to convince Macbeth that this is, beyond the shadow of a doubt, the right thing to do. He then tells her that "I am settled." (79). He is firmly seated in his beliefs that killing Duncan is the right thing to do-until he performs the murder. He is so horrified by this act that for a moment he forgets where he is or whom he is with. We learn from this murder that Macbeth truly had faith in the king and was very loyal, but under the forces of his wife's persuasion and his own vaulting ambition, he is put in the evil frame of mind for just long enough to kill Duncan. This murder does permanently alter him from his moral state of mind, however, and he soon does not feel much remorse for murdering Duncan. The Second of the four characters towards whom Macbeth's attitude changes is Banquo. Before he murders Duncan, Macbeth is a very close friend to Banquo, and they are almost always together. After the murder, however, Macbeth senses suspicion on Banquo's part. He realizes that Banquo's "wisdom that doth guide his valour / To act in safety" (52-53) will cause Banquo to want to turn Macbeth in for his crime. Macbeth knows he must also get rid of Banquo since, according to the prophecy, the throne will pass to Banquo's sons otherwise. Macbeth starts showing his extreme hatred towards Banquo while he is convincing the two murderers that killing him is right: Macb: Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. Murderers: True, my lord. Macb: So is he mine; and in such bloody distance That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life; (III, i, 114b-118) Finally, Macbeth actually shows signs of relief when the murderer calls him to the door during his banquet and tells him of Banquo's death: Macb: There's blood upon thy face. Murderer: 'Tis Banquo's then. Macb: 'Tis better thee without than he within. (III, iv, 12-14) Macbeth's last statement, "Tis . . . within", means that Banquo's blood is better on the murderer than in Banquo, showing that Macbeth is, in truth, happy that Banquo has been killed. the killing of Banquo by Macbeth shows extreme selfishness; he cannot bear to see even his best friend's sons succeed him on the throne. However, a more important reason that Macbeth kills Banquo is because of Banquo's suspicion of him, and what Banquo will do to him once he finds out for sure that Macbeth has commited the murder of Duncan. One can see that Macbeth becomes extremely harsh if he wants his way. He will go to horrid extremes just so that he does not have to live his kingship in fear, but instead "to be safely thus." (III, i, 49) Lady Macbeth, the third character, interacts with Macbeth a considerable amount, and influences him greatly. He and his wife as a pair are dangerous because his ambition combined with her bloodiness can cause fatal situations.

A Lovely Rose In The Poem Song By Edmund Waller Essays -

A Lovely Rose In The Poem Song By Edmund Waller For many centuries, young men have been telling their sweethearts about ephemeral youth and passion which, like a candle, burns brightly but dies out slowly but surely. Edmund Waller's persona in the poem Song is such a young man. He sends a rose to his beloved to Tell her that [she] wastes her time and [him] (2) by acting shy and staying out of sight. This young lover is trying to tell his paramour that their time is too short for such petty things. He is telling her to forget society and let her feelings lead the way. The speaker of this poem wants his mistress to understand this eagerness of his, and drop everything and come running to enjoy their momentary love. In the first stanza, the young lover is commanding a rose to go and deliver a message of the urgency of his love to his sweetheart. He commands the rose to tell her that she is wasting their precious youth by acting ignorant when she knows that he admires her. He resembles her to [the rose] (4), and discovers How sweet and fair she seems to be (5). He uses the rose as a symbol of her beauty. He compares her to the rose because roses are beautiful things that last only for a certain time. By this comparison, he wants her to see the evanescence of anything beautiful. This young lover wants his mistress to see her beauty and youth in a new way. He wants her to stop wasting time and give in to the beckoning call of love. In the second stanza, the speaker is commanding the rose to tell his paramour to throw off her robe of modesty and show off her beauty while she can. He understands that she is young And shuns to have her graces spied (7), but he wants the world to see her beauty and admire her for it. He wants to walk into a room with his beautiful mistress and see the men fighting for a glance at her and the women envying from afar. He wants poems written about her beauty and ballads sung about her virtue. Thus, he sends the lovely rose. He sends her the rose so she can admire its beauty, and, by doing so, she will be admiring herself. He commands the rose to tell her that if it had sprung / In deserts, where no men abide (8-9), then the rose must have uncommended died (10). By asking the rose to tell her this, the speaker is illustrating that hidden beauty such as hers needs to be praised. Otherwise, the loveliness will fade without fulfilling its purpose: in life to be admired and praised. The yo ung lover is showing her how cruel she is for trying to hide her beauty. He wants her to see that just as she gets pleasure from admiring the rose, he gets pleasure from admiring her. So he sends her the lovely rose as a reminder of her beauty. The speaker, in the third stanza, is commanding the rose to go Bid her come forth (13) and be the object of his admiration. He wants her to know that there is no worth in hidden beauty. What one cannot see, one cannot appreciate seems to be his philosophy. He sends her the rose so she will see its beauty and its proud petals standing upright in the spotlight of her admiration. In seeing the glorious rose basking in praise, she may want to feel as proud and noble herself. He wants her to come into the light and subject herself to be desired (14). The young lover knows that his love is shy and modest, but he also knows that she must endure his appreciation in order for their love to progress. He wants her to be proud of the admiration and not blush so to be admired (15). He wants her to be like the rose, standing proud and boastful, waiting to be admired. In the last stanza of the poem, the speaker commands the rose to die so that his beloved may see the ephemerality of all things That

Macro Economic Impact on Business Operations

Macro Economic Impact on Business Operations Free Online Research Papers Creating Money Money can be defined as any commodity that is used as a means of payment, for whatever is exchanged for the goods and services that are bought. Murray N. Rothbard, Economist, looks at money in this manner, â€Å"Many useful goods have been chosen as moneys in human societies. Salt in Africa, sugar in the Caribbean, fish in colonial New England, tobacco in the colonial Chesapeake Bay region, cowrie shells, iron hoes, and many other commodities have been used as moneys. Not only do these moneys serve as media of exchange; they enable individuals and business firms to engage in the calculation necessary to any advanced economy. (Taking Money, 1).† In the United States of America, Money is created by banks. It began as a commodity in the form of gold. Carrying it around was risky, there was trouble determining the actual worth, using it in its physical state was cumbersome and dangerous. To resolve the dilemma, Goldsmith’s , who in the 16th and 17th century eventually evolv ed into Banker’s, stored large amounts of gold for the merchants because they had the best security systems in that time. In return, merchants were given slips of paper with the amount of gold that was being held for them. Over time this system evolved into what is now know as the banking system. The paper that was given to the merchant was a promise to pay gold on demand (Brue, McConnell, 3-4). Banks create money today by lending it. The money supply consists of the currency held by the public and deposit accounts made by the banks. These create a financial system known as the â€Å"Fractional Reserve System†. Banks keep only a portion of the funds deposited with them. Banks borrow funds from those with savings and in turn lend those funds to those in need of funds. Banks make money by charging a higher percentage interest rate than is paid to depositors for use of their money. If banks kept their available funding after their reserve requirements have been met, de positors might have to pay banks to provide safekeeping services for their money. The Federal Reserve Created by Congress, the Federal Reserve, also call â€Å"The Fed† is the central bank of the United States. It controls the money supply by providing the nation with a flexible, safe and more stable money supply and financial system. To control the money supply the Federal Reserve uses three methods. The first is called Open market Operations. In an Open Market operation the government buys and sells government securities to increase the money supply. If the level of reserve balances in the banking system lags, seasonal, cyclical or permanent changes in the supply of reserve balances affect interest rates. Another method the Feds use to control the money supply is by â€Å"Altering the Reserve Requirements.† Law requires that the fed puts aside a portion of deposits held as reserve as cash on hand or as a reserve account balances at a reserve bank. To manipulate the money supply Fed can lower the required reserve rate. When it is lowered, banks are able to make more loans, money stock is expanded (short term) and interest rates become lower. This is intended to persuade investors and consumers to spend more money. Raising the reserve requirements gives the opposite effect, loans become restricted, the money stock is decreased, interest rates get higher and consumer purchases decline. The Great Depression is an example of what happens when the economy does not function properly. The economic slump was blamed on many factors, one of which was a drastic decrease in consumer spending. Paul Alexander Gusmorino, author of â€Å"Main Causes of the great Depression†, has this to say about the decrease of spending:† The U.S. economy was also reliant upon luxury spending and investment from the rich to stay afloat during the 1920s. The significant problem with this reliance was that luxury spending and investment were based on the wealthys confidence in the U.S. economy. If conditions were to take a downturn (as they did with the market crashed in fall and winter 1929), this spending and investment would slow to a halt (Gusmorinao World, 1996).† Individuals lost confidence in banks and the economy and the result was the Great Depression, an era that would set precedence for planning future economic stability. The last method that the fed uses to control the money supply is to adjust the interest rate. By increasing the interest rate to banks, the money supply decreases. That means that consumers are holding on to money and spending is careful and low. Subsequently, by decreasing interest rates, money supply increases and consumers are less careful about how and what they spend their money on. Monetary Policy To help promote national economic goals the Fed created a† Monetary Policy†. The goal of economic policy makers is to â€Å"reduce inflation while achieving satisfactory growth in employment, output and productivity (Monthly Labor, 1).† GDP represents economic production and growth; these factors have an important impact on everyone within the economy. For example, when the economy flourishes, unemployment is low and salaries increase as businesses demand labor to meet the growing increasing economy. A major change in GDP, increasing or decreasing, usually has an important effect on the stock market. A dim economy usually indicates that there will be a decrease in profits for companies, which in turn causes stock prices to decrease. Negative GDP growth is bad news to investors. One feature that economist’s use to determine a recession is negative growth. Monetary policy is made up of actions used by the Federal Reserve to promote economic goals by influ encing the availability and cost of money. By altering the federal funds rate, the â€Å"Federal Reserve influences the demand for, supply of, and balances that the depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks (Federal Open, 1).† Also, when the rates of federal funds change, it causes a succession of changes in foreign exchange rates, long-term interest rates, the amount of money and credit, and other economic variables, such as employment output and the prices of goods and services. After examining the number of indicators of current and future economic expansions the Fed turns its focus to economic activity that lags. If economic growth should be stimulated in that particular market, a decision is made whether or not to alter the federal funds rate. A decrease in the federal funds interest rate stimulates economic growth, but an excessively high level of economic activity can cause inflation pressures to build to a point that will weaken the sustainability of an economic expansion. In the early 80;’s reducing inflation was a major economic concern facing policy makers in the U.S. Consumer Prices were reportedly at a high of 13.3% at the end of 1979 and by 1982 inflation rates had dropped to 3.8 %. This decline was attributed to the decisions made by the fed to decrease the federal fund rate. Patrick Jackman, author of â€Å"Consumer prices in the 1980’s: the cooling of inflation says this about the fed’s decision making; â€Å" The success in reducing inflation was largely attributable to monetary policy resulting form actions of the Federal Reserve Board. In October 1979, the Federal Reserve modified its monetary policy by giving greater emphasis to holding growth of the monetary stock within target ranges and allowing interest rates to vary widely (Consumer, 1).† The most important monetary control used by the feds is the â€Å"Open market operations.† It is flexible and open market operations influence the federal funds rate- the interest rate that depository institutions pay when they borrow unsecured loans of reserve balances overnight from each other. Banks borrow reserves in the federal funds market in order to meet reserve requirements set by the Federal Reserve, and to ensure adequate balances in their accounts at the Fed to cover checks and electronic payments that the Fed processes on their behalf. Changes in the federal funds rate often have a strong impact on other short-term rates. (Consumer, 2-3) References Gusmorino, Paul A., III. Main Causes of the Great Depression. Gusmorino World (May 13, 1996). Online. Internet: gusmorino.com/pag3/greatdepression/index.html. March 29, 2009. Brue, McConnell. (2004). Economics: Principles, problems and policies (16th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rothbard, Jerry N. â€Å"Taking Money back† .http://mises.org/story/2882, Retrieved March 30, 2009 federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomc.htm. Retrieved March, 27, 2009. Monthly Labor Review, Consumer prices in the 1980s: The Cooling of Inflation August 1990, Vol. 113, Research Papers on Macro Economic Impact on Business OperationsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export Quotas

As Project Management evolves a new set of issues is demanding Essay

As Project Management evolves a new set of issues is demanding attention - Essay Example overseen by a project manager, who needs to possess strong leadership qualities to effectively supervise and guide the project implementation workforce. The project manager also needs to clearly understand the project objectives and the strategies identified by the organization for effective accomplishment of the project goals. He is the person in charge of the project and therefore acts as a link between the workforce and the organization’s management. Fretty (2006 p 38) states that, â€Å"As Project Management evolves a new set of issues is demanding attention†. This paper is a critique of the issues that project managers need to pay attention to as the project progresses, which include mentorship programs to enhance the accomplishment of tasks by the junior members of the project workforce, team building as well as promotion of project management and awareness as well as strong leadership skills among the project managers. It analyzes the competences that are necessary for the accomplishment of the overall goal of the project, such as; strong leadership, understanding of strategies for success, strategies for performance management and staff motivation, effective communication as well as generation of strong working relationships between the junior staff and the organizational management. Understanding and paying attention to the emerging issues is significant for successful implementation of project and accomplishment of the overall goal. Before inception of the project, the project managers are engaged according to the skills acquired through education. They bring fresh knowledge in to the project. However, there are many challenges that they are likely to face in the process. Problem solving requires skills that are mainly possessed by the longstanding project managers. It is therefore important for the project officers who have been in the organization for a longer period of time to provide mentorship for the newly engaged project officers. Mentorship is